{"id":9499,"date":"2025-09-29T14:27:28","date_gmt":"2025-09-29T07:27:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dufago.com.vn\/?p=9499"},"modified":"2026-09-29T10:57:44","modified_gmt":"2026-09-29T03:57:44","slug":"thao-cop-pha-tieu-chuan-thoi-gian-thao-dung-cho-san-dam-cot","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dufago.com.vn\/en\/thao-cop-pha-tieu-chuan-thoi-gian-thao-dung-cho-san-dam-cot\/","title":{"rendered":"Th\u00e1o c\u1ed1p pha: Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n & th\u1eddi gian th\u00e1o \u0111\u00fang cho s\u00e0n, d\u1ea7m, c\u1ed9t"},"content":{"rendered":"

Th\u00e1o c\u1ed1p pha (hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u00e1o v\u00e1n khu\u00f4n) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n then ch\u1ed1t, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. N\u1ebfu th\u00e1o d\u1ee1 qu\u00e1 s\u1edbm, c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 n\u1ee9t v\u1ee1, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5; c\u00f2n n\u1ebfu qu\u00e1 mu\u1ed9n, ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 thi c\u00f4ng s\u1ebd b\u1ecb k\u00e9o d\u00e0i, t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m chi ph\u00ed thu\u00ea m\u01b0\u1ee3n c\u1ed1p pha.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u1eady, khi n\u00e0o l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u00e1o c\u1ed1p pha s\u00e0n, d\u1ea7m, c\u1ed9t chu\u1ea9n x\u00e1c nh\u1ea5t? B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p cho b\u1ea1n nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u00e1o c\u1ed1p pha m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh, gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"
T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian th\u00e1o c\u1ed1p pha \u0111\u00fang chu\u1ea9n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

1. C\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u00e1o d\u1ee1 c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u0110i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t khi th\u00e1o c\u1ed1p pha l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng xem to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 c\u1ed1p pha \u2013 \u0111\u00e0 gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i duy nh\u1ea5t<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n

TCVN 4453:1995 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 hai t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng. M\u1ed9t b\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c sau khi b\u00ea t\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng r\u1eafn, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ed1p pha th\u00e0nh b\u00ean c\u1ee7a d\u1ea7m, c\u1ed9t v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1eddng. B\u00ean c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 c\u1ed1p pha, \u0111\u00e0 gi\u00e1o ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1y d\u1ea7m, s\u00e0n v\u00e0 c\u1ed9t ch\u1ed1ng. Hai nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u00e1o kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u00fd do nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u nh\u01b0 \u201cc\u1ed1p pha th\u00e1o sau 7 ng\u00e0y\u201d<\/strong> hay \u201cc\u1ed9t sau 1 ng\u00e0y l\u00e0 th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d<\/strong> \u0111\u1ec1u thi\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u1ebfu \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 R28 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Trong ph\u1ea1m vi b\u00e0i n\u00e0y, R28<\/strong> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng t\u1ea1i tu\u1ed5i 28 ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c TCVN 4453:1995 d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m m\u1ed1c tham chi\u1ebfu trong B\u1ea3ng 3 v\u1ec1 th\u00e1o c\u1ed1p pha, \u0111\u00e0 gi\u00e1o ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u 70% R28<\/strong> kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a ph\u1ea3i ch\u1edd t\u1edbi ng\u00e0y 28 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1o. \u00dd ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn th\u00e1o, b\u00ea t\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee9c c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 m\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, R7<\/strong> l\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng t\u1ea1i tu\u1ed5i 7 ng\u00e0y. R7 v\u00e0 R28 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1c tu\u1ed5i d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i hai \u201clo\u1ea1i b\u00ea t\u00f4ng\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 hay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ee5 gia.<\/span><\/p>\n

Quy t\u1eafc c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i theo Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n TCVN<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

TCVN 4453:1995 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ed1p pha v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0 gi\u00e1o ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1o khi b\u00ea t\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi c\u00f4ng sau<\/strong>. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u00e1o c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1nh g\u00e2y \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c va ch\u1ea1m m\u1ea1nh l\u00e0m h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh theo logic:<\/span><\/p>\n

Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf\/bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p thi c\u00f4ng \u2192 lo\u1ea1i c\u1ed1p pha \u2192 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng \u2192 kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng \u2192 th\u1eddi gian tham kh\u1ea3o.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y \u2192 th\u00e1o c\u1ed1p pha.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, n\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea5u ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf th\u00ec y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean; b\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian chung kh\u00f4ng thay th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn \u0111\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"
C\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u00e1o d\u1ee1 c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

2. Th\u1eddi gian th\u00e1o c\u1ed1p pha ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho t\u1eebng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

Th\u1eddi gian th\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u00ean c\u1ea5u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u00f3ng, c\u1ed9t, d\u1ea7m hay s\u00e0n. C\u1ea7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1p pha \u0111ang th\u00e1o c\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c hay kh\u00f4ng<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u00e1o c\u1ed1p pha m\u00f3ng v\u00e0 c\u1ed9t<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

V\u1edbi c\u1ed9t, TCVN 4453:1995 x\u1ebfp c\u1ed1p pha th\u00e0nh b\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9t<\/strong> v\u00e0o nh\u00f3m b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c sau khi b\u00ea t\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng r\u1eafn. Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cho ph\u00e9p th\u00e1o nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y khi b\u00ea t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u00ean 50 N\/cm\u00b2<\/strong>. <\/span><\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, th\u00ec trong qu\u00e1n tr\u00ecnh quan s\u00e1t, k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y th\u00e1o c\u1ed1p pha m\u00f3ng v\u00e0 c\u1ed9t nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  • Th\u1eddi gian th\u00e1o c\u1ed1p pha m\u00f3ng:<\/strong> Kho\u1ea3ng 1-2 ng\u00e0y sau khi \u0111\u1ed5 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng. C\u1ed1p pha c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ee1 b\u1ecf khi b\u00ea t\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9 li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1c x\u00f4 ngang t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u.<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Th\u1eddi gian th\u00e1o c\u1ed1p pha c\u1ed9t:<\/strong> T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, c\u1ed1p pha c\u1ed9t c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e1o d\u1ee1 sau 1-2 ng\u00e0y, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft. Sau khi th\u00e1o c\u1ed1p pha, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u00ea t\u00f4ng c\u1ed9t ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    <\/span><\/p>\n

    Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u00e1o c\u1ed1p pha D\u1ea7m v\u00e0 S\u00e0n<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

    \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y d\u1ea7m, s\u00e0n, v\u00f2m v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e0 gi\u00e1o ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c<\/strong>, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u00e1o ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd h\u01a1n c\u1ed1p pha th\u00e0nh b\u00ean.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, B\u1ea3ng 3 c\u1ee7a TCVN 4453:1995 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c sau cho c\u1ed1p pha, \u0111\u00e0 gi\u00e1o ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c khi ch\u01b0a ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea3i<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea5u ki\u1ec7n<\/th>\nC\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u<\/th>\nTh\u1eddi gian d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
    Kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 d\u01b0\u1edbi 2m<\/td>\n\u0110\u1ea1t 50%R28<\/td>\nKho\u1ea3ng 7 ng\u00e0y tr\u1edf l\u00ean<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb 2m\u20138m<\/td>\n\u0110\u1ea1t 70%R28<\/td>\nKho\u1ea3ng 10\u201314 ng\u00e0y<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 8m<\/td>\n\u0110\u1ea1t 90%R28<\/td>\nKho\u1ea3ng 23 ng\u00e0y<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
    \"\"
    Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u00e1o c\u1ed1p pha D\u1ea7m v\u00e0 S\u00e0n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

    \u0110i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ba con s\u1ed1 7 \u2013 10 \u2013 23<\/strong>, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa lo\u1ea1i k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u, kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Do \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean t\u1ef1 s\u1eeda b\u1ea3ng th\u00e0nh:<\/span><\/p>\n

    7 ng\u00e0y \u2013 10 \u0111\u1ebfn 14 ng\u00e0y \u2013 23 ng\u00e0y<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

    r\u1ed3i xem \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cth\u1eddi gian ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

    N\u1ebfu t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1edd l\u00e2u h\u01a1n 10 ng\u00e0y, \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng 10 ng\u00e0y v\u1eabn l\u00e0 tr\u1ecb s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi trong B\u1ea3ng tr\u00ean<\/strong>, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i 10\u201314 ng\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n

    V\u1edbi s\u00e0n, c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t b\u1ed1n vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1c nhau:<\/span><\/p>\n

    th\u00e1o c\u1ed1p pha th\u00e0nh<\/strong>, th\u00e1o \u0111\u00e1y s\u00e0n<\/strong>, th\u00e1o c\u1ed9t ch\u1ed1ng<\/strong> and ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea3i l\u00ean s\u00e0n sau th\u00e1o<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n

    TCVN 4453:1995 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5t t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n l\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u sau khi th\u00e1o ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n theo c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t, lo\u1ea1i k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng. Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n khi b\u00ea t\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/span><\/p>\n

    N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u00e1o c\u1ed1p pha kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng l\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u.<\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

    \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea7ng, n\u01a1i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi c\u00f4ng ph\u00eda tr\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00eam t\u1ea3i xu\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng d\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Th\u00e1o c\u1ed1p pha thang b\u1ed9, s\u00ea n\u00f4, \u00f4 v\u0103ng<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

    Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u00e1p m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ec3u \u201cthang b\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1edd \u0111\u00fang 28 ng\u00e0y\u201d<\/strong> cho m\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Thang b\u00ea t\u00f4ng c\u1ed1t th\u00e9p v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c, h\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng, c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. N\u1ebfu ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u00ec th\u1eddi gian 28 ng\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t quy t\u1eafc m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Ri\u00eang \u00f4 v\u0103ng, c\u00f4ng x\u00f4n v\u00e0 s\u00ea n\u00f4<\/strong>, TCVN 4453:1995 c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ri\u00eang: ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1o c\u1ed9t ch\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ed1p pha \u0111\u00e1y khi b\u00ea t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ee7 m\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecdng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1eadt<\/strong>. <\/span><\/p>\n

    V\u00ec v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u1ea5y b\u1ea3ng 7 \u2013 10 \u2013 23 ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a d\u1ea7m, s\u00e0n r\u1ed3i \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y m\u00f3c cho m\u1ecdi k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u00f4ng x\u00f4n.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \"\"
    Th\u00e1o c\u1ed1p pha thang b\u1ed9, s\u00ea n\u00f4, \u00f4 v\u0103ng<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

    3. C\u00f3 n\u00ean r\u00fat ng\u1eafn th\u1eddi gian th\u00e1o c\u1ed1p pha?<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

    C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u chu k\u1ef3 th\u00e1o c\u1ed1p pha khi b\u00ea t\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u201cr\u00fat ng\u1eafn\u201d ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea9y nhanh ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9.<\/span><\/p>\n

    C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea5u ki\u1ec7n, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo lo\u1ea1i xi m\u0103ng, c\u1ea5p ph\u1ed1i, ph\u1ee5 gia, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n

    V\u00ec v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn th\u00e1o s\u1edbm h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c th\u1eddi gian th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng, c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ea7n tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0:<\/span><\/p>\n

    B\u00ea t\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee9c c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c sau khi th\u00e1o hay ch\u01b0a?<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

    \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u00fd do c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 R7 ho\u1eb7c R28 ch\u1ec9 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 h\u1eefu \u00edch khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t trong \u0111\u00fang b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5u ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u00e1o.<\/span><\/p>\n

    B\u00ea t\u00f4ng R7 bao nhi\u00eau ng\u00e0y th\u00e1o coppha?<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

    R7<\/strong> l\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng \u1edf tu\u1ed5i 7 ng\u00e0y<\/strong>. Vi\u1ec7c b\u00ea t\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee7 7 ng\u00e0y tu\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e1o c\u1ed1p pha ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c.<\/span><\/p>\n

    V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ho\u1eb7c d\u1ea7m c\u00f3 kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb 2\u20138 m thu\u1ed9c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p B\u1ea3ng 3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1t 70% R28 n\u1ebfu thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. V\u00ec v\u1eady, th\u00f4ng tin quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 7 ng\u00e0y\u201d, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u1ea1i 7 ng\u00e0y b\u00ea t\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee9c c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \"\"
    B\u00ea t\u00f4ng R7 bao nhi\u00eau ng\u00e0y th\u00e1o coppha?<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

    N\u1ebfu h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cho th\u1ea5y b\u00ea t\u00f4ng \u1edf tu\u1ed5i 7 ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u1ea5u ki\u1ec7n, vi\u1ec7c th\u00e1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p thi c\u00f4ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft tu\u1ed5i b\u00ea t\u00f4ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft m\u1ee9c c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean suy ra r\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e1y d\u1ea7m, s\u00e0n hay c\u1ed9t ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u00e1o.<\/span><\/p>\n

    C\u0169ng c\u1ea7n s\u1eeda m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u kh\u00e1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn: R7 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi \u201cb\u00ea t\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 gia \u0111\u00f4ng k\u1ebft nhanh\u201d<\/strong>. M\u1ed9t h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng ph\u1ee5 gia v\u1eabn c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 \u1edf tu\u1ed5i 7 ng\u00e0y; ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, b\u00ea t\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ee5 gia v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u1edf nh\u1eefng tu\u1ed5i kh\u00e1c, bao g\u1ed3m R28.<\/span><\/p>\n

    B\u00ea t\u00f4ng R28 bao nhi\u00eau ng\u00e0y th\u00e1o coppha?<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

    R28<\/strong> l\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng \u1edf tu\u1ed5i 28 ng\u00e0y<\/strong>, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00ean g\u1ecdi d\u00e0nh cho b\u00ea t\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 gia.<\/span><\/p>\n

    C\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u1ed1p pha \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i ch\u1edd t\u1edbi ng\u00e0y 28 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1o.<\/span><\/p>\n

    B\u1ea3ng 3 c\u1ee7a TCVN 4453:1995 cho ph\u00e9p xem x\u00e9t th\u00e1o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u1ed1p pha, \u0111\u00e0 gi\u00e1o ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc tu\u1ed5i 28 ng\u00e0y khi b\u00ea t\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u v\u00e0 kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee7 28 ng\u00e0y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Do \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t:\u00a0<\/span>\u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u00e1o c\u1ed1p pha\/\u0111\u00e0 gi\u00e1o<\/strong> and \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ch\u1ecbu to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Hai th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft gi\u1ed1ng nhau.<\/span><\/p>\n

    <\/span><\/p>\n

    4. Quy tr\u00ecnh th\u00e1o d\u1ee1 coppha<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

    Quy tr\u00ecnh th\u00e1o c\u1ed1p pha an to\u00e0n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh g\u00e2y \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t l\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u.<\/span><\/p>\n

    B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: Ki\u1ec3m tra c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

    Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u00e1o, c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p thi c\u00f4ng v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea5u ki\u1ec7n, kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9, lo\u1ea1i c\u1ed1p pha, t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t.<\/span><\/p>\n

    N\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch th\u1eed c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 \u1edf tu\u1ed5i s\u1edbm, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1eed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u0103n c\u1ee9 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 R7 truy\u1ec1n mi\u1ec7ng ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c tu\u1ed5i c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1ed3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e1o h\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c.<\/span><\/p>\n

    <\/span><\/p>\n

    B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00e1o d\u1ee1 theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

    C\u1ed1p pha th\u00e0nh b\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e1y d\u1ea7m, \u0111\u00e1y s\u00e0n v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

    TCVN 4453:1995 c\u0169ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u khi th\u00e1o c\u1ed1p pha v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0 gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1nh g\u00e2y \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c va ch\u1ea1m m\u1ea1nh<\/strong> l\u00e0m h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u b\u00ea t\u00f4ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

    V\u00ec v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean gi\u1eadt, \u0111\u1eadp m\u1ea1nh ho\u1eb7c th\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1t theo c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t.<\/span><\/p>\n

    B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u1ed9t ch\u1ed1ng sau th\u00e1o<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

    \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea7ng, vi\u1ec7c th\u00e1o h\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng \u0111ang ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c thi c\u00f4ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

    TCVN 4453:1995 n\u00eau ri\u00eang tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u00e0n b\u00ea t\u00f4ng to\u00e0n kh\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea7ng: c\u1ea7n gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0 gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 c\u1ed9t ch\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5m s\u00e0n ngay d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea5m s\u00e0n s\u1eafp \u0111\u1ed5; \u1edf t\u1ea7ng ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u1eefa c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e1o t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 gi\u1eef c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t ch\u1ed1ng \u201can to\u00e0n\u201d c\u00e1ch nhau 3m d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng d\u1ea7m c\u00f3 nh\u1ecbp l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 4m.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1ch con s\u1ed1 3m ra kh\u1ecfi b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n

    N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i quy t\u1eafc chung \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed c\u1ed9t ch\u1ed1ng cho m\u1ecdi d\u1ea7m, m\u1ecdi s\u00e0n hay m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a s\u00e0n b\u00ea t\u00f4ng to\u00e0n kh\u1ed1i nh\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea7ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

    B\u01b0\u1edbc 4: \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n v\u1eadt t\u01b0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

    Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u00e1o, an to\u00e0n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u. C\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd trang b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 (m\u0169, gi\u00e0y, g\u0103ng tay). Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ee9t, n\u00e9m g\u1ed7 v\u00e1n t\u1eeb tr\u00ean cao xu\u1ed1ng. D\u1ecdn d\u1eb9p ngay \u0111inh v\u00e0 g\u1ed7 v\u1ee5n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh tai n\u1ea1n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng (nh\u01b0 d\u1eabm ph\u1ea3i \u0111inh).<\/span><\/p>\n

    Khu v\u1ef1c ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, v\u00e1n khu\u00f4n ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n r\u01a1i v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. C\u00e1c t\u1ea5m c\u1ed1p pha sau th\u00e1o c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u00fd thay v\u00ec n\u00e9m tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb tr\u00ean cao xu\u1ed1ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

    N\u1ebfu sau khi th\u00e1o xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 v\u00f5ng t\u0103ng, bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng ho\u1eb7c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/strong>, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea3i theo k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi thi c\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \"\"
    Quy tr\u00ecnh th\u00e1o d\u1ee1 coppha<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

    5. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c th\u00e1o coppha (FAQ)<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

    1. Th\u00e1o c\u1ed1p pha s\u1edbm c\u00f3 b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t s\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng?<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    C\u00f3. Th\u00e1o c\u1ed1p pha qu\u00e1 s\u1edbm khi b\u00ea t\u00f4ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ee7 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ebd g\u00e2y ra \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 l\u1edbn, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00f5ng, n\u1ee9t, l\u00fan ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u s\u00e0n. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh.<\/span><\/p>\n

    2. L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u00e1o c\u1ed1p pha t\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh?<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    C\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1eabu b\u00ea t\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac s\u1eb5n (m\u1eabu l\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng 15\u00d715\u00d715 cm) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed5 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng v\u00e0 n\u00e9n t\u1ea1i ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m R3, R7, R14 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng S\u00fang b\u1eadt n\u1ea9y (Schmidt Hammer) \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra nhanh.<\/span><\/p>\n

    3. C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i d\u1ee1 b\u1ecf h\u1ebft c\u1ed9t ch\u1ed1ng ngay sau khi th\u00e1o c\u1ed1p pha s\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng?<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    Kh\u00f4ng. Theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, sau khi th\u00e1o \u0111\u00e1y c\u1ed1p pha d\u1ea7m s\u00e0n, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u1ed9t ch\u1ed1ng an to\u00e0n (ch\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec3m) \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u00e0n ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng thi c\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp theo (ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u) trong khi c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng v\u1eabn \u0111ang ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \"\"
    Th\u00e1o c\u1ed1p pha: Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n & th\u1eddi gian th\u00e1o \u0111\u00fang cho s\u00e0n, d\u1ea7m, c\u1ed9t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

    4. Ph\u1ee5 gia \u0111\u00f4ng k\u1ebft nhanh (R7) c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ea t\u00f4ng v\u1ec1 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng?<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    N\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang li\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i, ph\u1ee5 gia \u0111\u00f4ng k\u1ebft nhanh kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a b\u00ea t\u00f4ng. Ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1edbm h\u01a1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 gia ph\u1ea3i \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi quy tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh n\u1ee9t do kh\u00f4 nhanh.<\/span><\/p>\n